A política criminal de drogas no Brasil e os reflexos sociais da Lei 11.343/2006: considerações sobre modelos alternativos

Este trabalho monográfico tem o intuito de analisar a política brasileira de repressão às drogas e as consequências sociais dela oriundas. Primeiramente é abordado o desenvolvimento legislativo brasileiro em relação ao assunto, para depois propor uma breve análise da Lei 11.343/2006, a chamada Lei de Drogas. Em seguida serão demonstrados os reflexos sociais do modelo proibicionista e a distinção entre consumidor/traficante observada na Lei. Por fim, serão analisados modelos alternativos ao adotado no Brasil, que buscam dirimir as consequências sociais resultantes do comércio ilícito de entorpecentes. Há também um indicativo de projetos de leis que propõem a legalização da maconha e a manifestação de um Ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal no sentido de apoiar o debate sobre a descriminalização das drogas

Empleo de carbones activados procedentes de lignina como catalizadores no metálicos en la oxidación húmeda con peróxido de hidrogeno

Una lignina obtenida por un proceso a la sosa se empleó como precursor para preparar carbones activados. En primer lugar, se carbonizó la lignina en atmósfera inerte y, a continuación, se procedió a su activación térmica en atmósfera oxidante usando temperaturas entre 150 y 350 C. Se emplearon distintas técnicas de caracterización para evaluar sus propiedades texturales y química superficial, observando un aumento del desarrollo de la porosidad con la temperatura de activación usada, y un marcado carácter básico en todos ellos. Los carbones preparados se ensayaron como catalizadores no metálicos para la oxidación húmeda catalítica con peróxido de hidrógeno (CWPO) de 4-nitrofenol (4-NP; 5 g L-1), usando condiciones de operación relativamente suaves (presión atmosférica, T = 50 C, pH = 3, carga de catalizador = 2.5 g L-1, [H2O2]0 = 17.8 g L-1). Con los catalizadores preparados a las temperaturas de activación más altas (300 y 350 C) se logró eliminar cerca del 70 % de 4-NP, observándose una eficiente descomposición de H2O2. Por su parte, los materiales preparados a las temperaturas de activación más bajas (150 y 200 C) promovieron una descomposición del H2O2 más rápida pero ineficiente, eliminándose menos del 25 % de 4-NP en estos casos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An agile supply modulator with improved transient performance for power efficient linear amplifier employing envelope tracking techniques

This article presents an agile supply modulator with optimal transient performance that includes improvement in rise time, overshoot and settling time for the envelope tracking supply in linear power amplifiers. For this purpose, we propose an on-demand current source module: the bang-bang transient performance enhancer (BBTPE). Its objective is to follow fast variations in input signals with reduced overshoot and settling time without deteriorating the steady-state performance of the buck regulator. The proposed approach enables fast system response through the BBTPE and an accurate steady-state output response through a low switching ripple and power efficient dynamic buck regulator. Fast output response with the help of the added module induces a slower rise of inductor current in the buck converter that further helps the proposed system to reduce both overshoot and settling time. This article also introduces an efficient selective tracking of envelope signal for linear PAs. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution, extensive simulations and experimental results from a discrete system are reported. The proposed supply modulator shows 80% improvement in rise time along with 60% reduction in both overshoot and settling time compared to the conventional dynamic buck regulator-based solution. Experimental results using the LTE 16-QAM 5 MHz standard shows improvement of 7.68 dB and 65.1% in adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and error vector magnitude (EVM), respectively.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Implicações biológicas da plasticidade fenotípica no modelo Schistosoma mansoni - Nectomys squamipes

The water-rat Nectomys squamipes is mostly important non-human host in schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Brazil, due to its susceptibility, high abundance and water-contact pattern. During experimental infection of N. squamipes with Schistosoma mansoni, adult worms show phenotypic plasticity. This finding led us to investigate whether biological behavior is also affected. This was assessed comparing the biological characteristics of four S. mansoni strains: BE (State of Belém do Pará), CE (State of Pernambuco), CMO (State of Rio Grande do Norte) and SJ (State of São Paulo) using laboratory-bred N. squamipes. The infection was monitored by determination of the pre-patent period, fecal egg output, egg viability, intestinal egg count and, infectivity rate. No biological modification was observed in these parameters. Overall results highlight that N. squamipes was susceptible to several S. mansoni strains, suggesting that it might contribute to the maintenance of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.O rato d´água Nectomys squamipes é importante transmissor não-humano da esquistossomose. Durante a infecção experimental em N. squamipes, os vermes adultos apresentam plasticidade fenotípica. Esses achados levaram-nos a investigar se os aspectos biológicos também são afetados. Foram comparadas as características biológicas de quatro cepas de S. mansoni: BE (Estado de Belém do Pará), CM (Estado de Pernambuco), CMO (Estado do Rio Grande do Norte) e SJ (Estado de São Paulo), utilizando como modelo experimental N. squamipes criados e mantidos em laboratório. A infecção foi monitorada para a determinação do período pré-patente, eliminação de ovos nas fezes, viabilidade dos ovos, contagem de ovos retidos no intestino e infectividade. Nenhuma modificação biológica foi observada nesses parâmetros. Os resultados sugerem que o N. squamipes é susceptível a várias cepas de S. mansoni, contribuindo para a manutenção da esquistossomose no Brasil

Surface of carbon nanotubes for wet peroxide oxidation

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) is regarded as a potential solution for the treatment of aqueous effluents containing recalcitrant and toxic organic pollutants, difficult to remove by conventional biological processes, mainly if present at high concentrations (1-10 g L-1) [1]. In a recent study, three magnetic carbon nanotube (CNT) samples, named E30 (undoped), A30 (completely N-doped) and E10A20 (partially N-doped), were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and tested in the CWPO process, finding that N-doped hydrophilic surfaces promoted the fast decomposition of H2O2 into nonreactive species (H2O and O2), hindering CWPO [2].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Arithmetical and geometrical means of generalized logarithmic and exponential functions: generalized sum and product operators

One-parameter generalizations of the logarithmic and exponential functions have been obtained as well as algebraic operators to retrieve extensivity. Analytical expressions for the successive applications of the sum or product operators on several values of a variable are obtained here. Applications of the above formalism are considered.Comment: 5 pages, no figure

Magnetic N-doped and undoped carbon nanotubes as catalysts for wet peroxide oxidation

Magnetic Fe-containing N-doped and undoped carbon nanotubes (N-CNT and CNT, respectively) have been prepared and tested in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP; 5 g L-1) at relatively mild operating conditions (atmospheric pressure, T = 50 ºC, pH = 3, catalyst/adsorbent load = 2.5 g L-1 and [H2O2]0 = 17.8 g L-1)

Magnetic N-doped and undoped carbon nanotubes as catalysts for wet peroxide oxidation

Magnetic Fe-containing N-doped and undoped carbon nanotubes (N-CNT and CNT, respectively) have been prepared and tested in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP; 5 g L-1) at relatively mild operating conditions (atmospheric pressure, T = 50 ºC, pH = 3, catalyst/adsorbent load = 2.5 g L-1 and [H2O2]0 = 17.8 g L-1)

Mönckeberg's sclerosis – is the artery the only target of calcification?

BACKGROUND: Since its first description, Mönckeberg's sclerosis has only been related to arterial media calcification, being listed among the primary diseases of the vessels. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here a clinically and histologically confirmed case of Mönckeberg's sclerosis in which the patient presented with massive areas of soft tissue calcifications in the pharynx and larynx. Polysomnographic parameters showed severe obstructive apnea refractory to nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Clinical and laboratory findings excluded concomitant endocrine or rheumatological diseases. CONCLUSION: Our data provide a new insight about Mönckeberg's sclerosis, i.e., the fact that the etiopathogenic process involved in the phenomenon of calcification may not be restricted only to the arteries, but may occur in the entire organism. Further studies of the etiopathogenesis of this disease are needed

Mönckeberg's sclerosis – is the artery the only target of calcification?

BACKGROUND: Since its first description, Mönckeberg's sclerosis has only been related to arterial media calcification, being listed among the primary diseases of the vessels. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here a clinically and histologically confirmed case of Mönckeberg's sclerosis in which the patient presented with massive areas of soft tissue calcifications in the pharynx and larynx. Polysomnographic parameters showed severe obstructive apnea refractory to nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Clinical and laboratory findings excluded concomitant endocrine or rheumatological diseases. CONCLUSION: Our data provide a new insight about Mönckeberg's sclerosis, i.e., the fact that the etiopathogenic process involved in the phenomenon of calcification may not be restricted only to the arteries, but may occur in the entire organism. Further studies of the etiopathogenesis of this disease are needed